Comparison of differentially expressed genes involved in drought response between two elite rice varieties dear editor, drought is the most devastating factor limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of rice oryza sativa. Going back to the main research question of this paper. Pdf rice is one of the most important food crop drastically affected by drought in lowland rice ecosystem. Environmental and physiological effects on grouping of.
Likewise, submergence tolerant sub1 rice varieties had a yield. Mandal 3 0 national rice research project nrrp, hardinath, nepal 1 directorate of rice research drr, rajendra nagar, hyderabad, india 2 international rice research. Otoole and chang 1979 found that rice varieties with. Quantitative trait loci qtls for drought tolerance dt can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these qtls were summarized in the form of a consensus map. Aug 01, 2017 modern rice varieties are highly sensitive to drought stress at seedling, vegetative, and reproductive stages and even mild drought stress can result in a significant yield reduction in rice otoole, 1982, torres and henry, 2016. Droughtresistant crops and varieties some crops and varieties require less water than others once they are established. There are various indices to determine 9 drought tolerance such as stress tolerance level tol, stress tolerance index sti, stress susceptibility index ssi and drought tolerant efficiency dte that. First drought tolerant rice varieties developed by markerassisted selection mas are now being released conferring yield advantages under drought across different environments of about 11% on average compared with the control swamy et al. Identifying rice varieties and breeding lines with high levels of drought tolerance for use as donors in breeding and gene discovery is one of the main challenges for rice research serraj and atlin, 2008. Rice is a major food crop in india, a developing country, where nearly 68% of the cropping area is rainfed. However, little is known on how di erent traits express and respond under drought stress as well as. Farmers in odisha state, india, who adopted the floodtolerant swarnasub1 variety, obtained an average yield benefit of 232 kg ha1 11%, with a maximum of 718 kg ha1 66% when floods lasted up to days grisp 20.
Drought stress tolerance screening of elite american. No drought tolerant dt or salt tolerance st rice varieties have been. Across these varieties, the average yield advantage of droughttolerant varieties over droughtsusceptible ones is 0. Project findings and the participatory approach will be promoted among breeders and agronomists within. Sep 09, 2014 drought research at the international rice research institute irri over the past decade has concentrated on direct selection for grain yield under drought. Water deficiency that occurs during reproduction always results in severe yield loss in these areas. Under severe drought stress, yield declines in rice range between 65% 85% as compared to nonstress conditions. L is the staple food for half of the worlds population. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that delimit rice production and yield especially in rainfed ecosystems. Jongdee, pantuwan, fukai, and fischer 2006 stated that. With the development of new drought and flood tolerant rice varieties, agriculture scientists hope to ease water constraints and ensure food security.
Downregulation of the dst transcription factor using. Rice productivity and sustainability are continually threatened by abiotic stresses, particularly in the era of global climate change. Ex ante impact assessment of a drought tolerant rice variety. Conflicts of interest the authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Extensive genetic variation for drought resistance exists in rice germplasm.
Pdf stress tolerant rice varieties making headway in india. Drought and limited availability of water serve as the serious limitation for rice production in rainfed ecosystems. Flood tolerant rice variety, drought tolerant rice variety, swarnasub1, swarna, indian rice farmers, bhadrak and balasore districts of orissa, india, flood prone villages in. The presence of conserved regions conferring drought tolerance in upland rice and the high susceptibility of highyielding postgreen revolution varieties provide unique opportunities for plant breeders to move drought tolerance alleles from upland drought tolerant donors to lowland drought susceptible rice varieties. Sahbhagi dhan is a rice variety that is tolerant against drought, partly.
Heat and drought tolerant rice varieties are under development by ua researchers under realworld conditions in arizona and other similar stressful environments. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of droughtresistance. Dt qtls on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 were selected to. This is partly due to the tight linkage between the loci governing plant height and drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to examine environmental and physiological effects on rice root hydraulics under drought, in order to better understand why drought tolerant and drought susceptible rice varieties showed distinct trends in hydraulic measurements such as xylem sap bleeding rate and root hydraulic conductivity. Water availability and drought are becoming major constraints for rice cultivation because of greatly fluctuated and generally reduced rainfall in the majority of rice growing areas worldwide resulting from the global climate change. In uttar pradesh, india, the average yield of the drought tolerant variety. Screening for osmotic stress responses in rice varieties. Variation in intensity and severity of drought from season to season and place to place requires cultivation of rice varieties with different level of drought tolerance in different areas. Four hundred fifty genotypes were tested for yield and yield attributes under irrigated and drought conditions at crri.
Daphilrice and irri offer droughttolerant rice varieties to. Developing and disseminating resilient and productive rice varieties for drought prone environments in. For rain fed upland and rain fed lowland rice, drought stress is the most devastating abiotic factor. An effect of linkage of drought tolerance with undesirable traits. The csisapromoted rice varieties include varieties that are salttolerant brri dhan 47, 53, 54, 55, and 61. At seedling stage, drought affects crop establishment and seedling survival rates. To evaluate the osmotic stress responses in rice varieties under drought condition, a total of 42 highyielding rice varieties were collected from various research stations of kerala agricultural university in india. The aim of this study was to examine environmental and physiological effects on rice root hydraulics under drought, in order to better understand why droughttolerant and droughtsusceptible rice varieties showed distinct trends in hydraulic measurements such as xylem sap bleeding rate and root hydraulic conductivity. Identifying drought tolerant genotypes of rice oryza sativa.
Cultivating drought tolerant rice varieties can serve as the most coherent approach to ensure food security in these areas. Irri scientists have identified several key regions of the rice genomecalled quantitative trait loci qtlsthat give the rice drought tolerance and improve rice grain yield under such. Breeding drought tolerant rice for shallow rainfed ecosystem. This approach has led to the successful development and release of 17 highyielding droughttolerant rice varieties in south asia, southeast asia, and africa. Fukai using secondary traits to help identify droughttolerant genotypes 37 r. Development of the drought tolerant variety sahbhagi dhan jstor.
Likewise, submergence tolerant sub1rice varieties had a. Field trials suggest that the average yield of droughttolerant varieties over droughtsensitive ones is 0. Fukai using secondary traits to help identify drought tolerant genotypes 37 r. Drought is one of the most common environmental factors that limit crop productivity, especially in asia where at least 23 million hectares of rice 20% of the total world rice area are drought prone 4. Four hundred fifty genotypes were tested for yield and yield attributes under irrigated and drought conditions at crri, cuttack under irriindia drought breeding network dbn. Frontiers characterization of transcription factor gene. Several droughttolerant varieties have been developed from droughttolerant germplasm. Farmers, scientists test performance of stresstolerant rice.
Comparison of these parameters in these upland rice varieties differing in drought tolerance may be helpful in developing a better understanding and provide. Adoption of stresstolerant rice varieties in bangladesh. This approach has proved a successful method to identify appropriate varieties and increase variety adoption rates and yields in rice in india, particularly in more. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects resulting from the cultivation of the droughttolerant and insectresistant rice cultivar, hanhui3t, on soil physicalchemical properties, and bacterial and. Part of the image collection of the international rice research. Project findings and the participatory approach will be promoted among breeders and agronomists within ghana, and more widely among rice scientists in the. Identifying rice varieties and breeding lines with promising levels of drought tolerance for use as donors in breeding and gene discovery is one of the main challenges for rice research 14. The impact of adopting riskreducing, droughttolerant rice. Mar 22, 2006 quantitative trait loci qtls for drought tolerance dt can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these qtls were summarized in the form of a consensus map. There are various indices to determine 9 drought tolerance such as stress tolerance level tol, stress tolerance index sti, stress susceptibility.
Drought yield index to select high yielding rice lines under. Application of apsim in evaluation of drought tolerant varieties of rice for lowland rainfed farming system of bhutan. Validation of ssr markers associated with drought tolerant. Pdf drought susceptibility of modern rice varieties.
Drought is the most severe abiotic stress reducing rice yield in rainfed drought prone ecosystems. Modern rice varieties are highly sensitive to drought stress at seedling, vegetative, and reproductive stages and even mild drought stress can result in a significant yield reduction in rice otoole, 1982, torres and henry, 2016. Multi environment evaluation of breeding lines helps breeder to identify appropriate genotypes for areas. With the development of new drought and floodtolerant rice varieties, agriculture scientists hope to ease water constraints and ensure food security. Farmers in odisha state, india, who adopted the flood tolerant swarnasub1 variety, obtained an average yield benefit of 232 kg ha1 11%, with a maximum of 718 kg ha1 66% when floods lasted up to days grisp 20. To counter this stress, it is desirable to breed new rice cultivars with improved drought tolerance. Bina dhan 11 and 12, and drought tolerant brri dhan 56 and 57. Sustainability free fulltext drought tolerant rice for. Do farmers value rice varieties tolerant to droughts and. Identification of drought stress tolerance in wild species. Cultivation of droughttolerant and insectresistant rice. Scientists have been exploring drought and flood tolerant crop varieties to offset stress conditions that significantly constrain rice production. The varieties exhibiting drought tolerance along with better grain yield and desirable quality can serve as the most logical approach to cope up.
Among the major rainfed rice cultivating areas, states of eastern india occupy one of the largest drought prone ecologies in the world. For breeding purposes, especially for breeding upland rice, it is. Exploring traditional austype rice for metabolites. Drought is the major abiotic stress factor that limits rice production worldwide. Seasonal drought is a major constraint for rice oryza sativa l. To identify the promising drought tolerant rice cultivars, an effort was made in the present study to screen few traditional rice landraces of assam, india, aimed at investigating effect of low water potential on growth. Green revolution gr rice varieties are high yielding but typically drought sensitive. Technology heat and drought tolerant rice varieties. Heat and droughttolerant rice varieties are under development by ua researchers under realworld conditions in arizona and other similar stressful environments. Jongdee, pantuwan, fukai, and fischer 2006 stated that rice varieties that respond well to favorably. Drought research at the international rice research institute irri over the past decade has concentrated on direct selection for grain yield under drought. Oct, 2015 green revolution gr rice varieties are high yielding but typically drought sensitive. The csisapromoted rice varieties include varieties that are salt tolerant brri dhan 47, 53, 54, 55, and 61. Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice, have become increasingly tolerant to drought with new varieties created via genetic engineering.
Thus, these drought tolerant rice cultivars can be better substitute of traditional, primitive and untested varieties in rainfed and drought prone belts for rice cultivation. Floodtolerant rice reduces yield variability, benefitting. Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant crops. Irri scientists have identified several key regions of the rice genome that give the rice drought tolerance and improve rice grain yield under drought. The impact of adopting riskreducing, droughttolerant rice in india. Pdf advances in drought resistance of rice researchgate. The present study was carried out to evaluate the drought tolerance of various rice genotypes with a wide.
Food security with flood, droughtresistant rice crops. Some examples of conventional breeding programs for drought tolerance are the development of rice, wheat and indian mustard varieties tolerant to salt and to alkali soils by the central soil salinity research institute in karnal, india 3. Drought tolerant rice for ensuring food security in eastern. Stress tolerant varieties to counter climate change. Rice production normally requires large amounts of water. In severe cases, 100% yield loss can be experienced due solely to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Bina dhan 11 and 12, and droughttolerant brri dhan 56 and 57. The vegetables, grains and herbs on the following list were selected from seed catalogs and seed catalog websites that specifically mention the terms droughtresistant or droughttolerant in the variety description. This approach has led to the successful development and release of 17 highyielding drought tolerant rice varieties in south asia, southeast asia, and africa. Climate change ready rice international rice research. Sahbhagi dhan is a rice variety that is tolerant against drought, partly because it matures early and therefore avoids the high temperatures that affect longduration rice varieties.
A new method for evaluating the drought tolerance of upland rice. Wild species of oryza offer a wide spectrum of adaptive traits and can serve as potential donors of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Comparison of differentially expressed genes involved in. Irri has developed droughttolerant rice varieties with superior grain quality and yield potential. Development of the drought tolerant variety sahbhagi dhan. Bina dhan 8 and 10, submergencetolerant brri dhan 51 and 52. Droughttolerant rice varieties to provide food security for. The development of droughttolerant cultivars can be a solution. The application of a uniform, repeatable, and controlled stress environment can be achieved more readily in the dry season, and this may maximize the genetic component of the. Drought is the major abiotic constraint to the rice production in the rainfed areas across asia and subsaharan africa. Screening and comparative analysis of drought tolerance of. Pdf application of apsim in evaluation of drought tolerant. Thus, these droughttolerant rice cultivars can be better substitute of traditional, primitive and untested varieties in rainfed and droughtprone belts for rice cultivation.
The situation may become worse due to climate change that may multiply the frequency and severity of such abiotic stresses. The impacts of rice varieties with stacked drought tolerance and insect resistance on soil microbiomes are poorly understood. Journal of experimental botany breeding highyielding droughttolerant rice. Many of the worlds rice growing regions lack adequate irrigation facilities, and drought frequently reduces yield. Evaluation of drought tolerant rice cultivars using drought.
An in silico strategy was then deployed to mine for candidate genes associated with dt qtls using rice dbest and rice genome databases. Bina dhan 8 and 10, submergence tolerant brri dhan 51 and 52. Among the major rainfed ricecultivating areas, states of eastern india occupy one of the largest droughtprone ecologies in the world. Irri scientists have identified several key regions of the rice genomecalled quantitative trait loci qtlsthat give the rice drought tolerance and improve rice grain yield under such conditions. The present study was undertaken with an aim to develop highyielding drought and submergence tolerant rice varieties using marker assisted introgression of qdty 1. It may be concluded that the development of sahbhagi dhan was the common result of cooperation among various stakeholders which, in the development process, created and sustained a research. Dt qtls on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 were selected to test the. The development of drought tolerant cultivars can be a solution. This technology is a development of new rice varieties designed for low rainfall areas and is based on field condition evaluations and not a simulated greenhouse environment. Farmers, scientists test performance of stresstolerant rice varieties in odisha, india by ashok kumar and narayan banik odisha, india, 25 mayaround 200 hundred rice farmers, scientists, and other stakeholders evaluated the performance of two new rice varieties that can better withstand flooding and drought during a recent field day in puri. First droughttolerant rice varieties developed by markerassisted selection mas are now being released conferring yield advantages under drought across different environments of about 11% on average compared with the control swamy et al.
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